Explaining Exploratory Sequential Designs in Mixed Methods Research: Exploring Complex Phenomena

Abstract

This paper aims to explore the phases and challenges of employing the exploratory sequential design in mixed methods research (MMR) by evaluating relevant literature.  An increasing number of third-type mixed-method exploratory sequential design evidence synthesis papers investigate complex phenomena through systematic reviews. Some of these syntheses utilize a comprehensive search technique to find Creswell's essays and books as well as other related literature. This study examines the challenges of applying exploratory sequential designs and the appropriate conditions for using exploratory design in educational research, such as integrating qualitative and quantitative phases, dealing with temporal limitations, and ensuring methodological rigor. A detailed framework is created to assist researchers in planning and conducting exploratory studies. The goal is to improve the practical usefulness and methodological strength of these designs in education research. This paper discusses the importance of purposeful sampling in qualitative evidence synthesis, arguing that it requires flexibility and is not directly borrowed from basic research projects. It also examines opportunities with purposeful sampling in exploratory sequential design, suggesting that this approach enhances conceptual diversity by comparing findings from purposefully sampled qualitative evidence synthesis. This study assists individuals in making decisions regarding the third mixed-method design, exploratory sequential design, and intentional sampling in a more methodical and transparent manner. Upcoming research could support or negate the hypothesis that this approach enhances conceptual diversity by comparing findings from intentionally sampled qualitative evidence synthesis to comprehensive literature sampling.